Figure 1

The effects of sleep compared with those of sleep deprivation (SD) on the antibody titer in males and females in response to the novel influenza A H1N1 virus vaccination. The serum antibody response following the vaccination against H1N1 was assayed by the hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI) as previously described (4). The higher the HAI value, the higher the detectable serum antibody titer specific for H1N1 virus. A, antibody response split by sleep (solid line, N = 13) vs. sleep deprivation (dashed line, N = 11). B, antibody response split by females (solid line, N = 13) vs. males (dashed line, N = 11). C, antibody response in males split by sleep (solid line, N = 5) vs. sleep deprivation (dashed line, N = 6). D, antibody response in females split by sleep (solid line, N = 8) vs. sleep deprivation (dashed line, N = 5). Differences between (sub)groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, with Mann-Whitney U post hoc testing, and a P value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All data are presented as means ± SEM.