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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with VL and/or malaria recruited at Tabarak Allah Hospital, Sudan

From: Cytokine profiles amongst Sudanese patients with visceral leishmaniasis and malaria co-infections

Characteristics

Patient group

P value

 

1

2

3

Total

 

Subjects ( n )

29

21

15

65

 

Male / Female ( n )

20/8a

11/9b

9/6

40/23c

0.5

Age (years)

19 (9-29)d

8 (7-26)

16 (9-21)

15 (8-24)e

0.2

Hb level ( g / dL)

9.6 (7.1-12.4)

10.3 (9.1-11.2)

9.9 (7.5-11.5)

10.0 (8.4-11.4)

0.8

WBC count /mm 3

5650 (4925-6900)f

6800 (5900-8000)g

5400 (4250-7150)h

6050 (4950-7400)i

0.2

DAT titer

25600 (6400-102400)

NA

12800 (6400-102400)

19200 (6400-102400)

0.9†

P.f . parasitaemia (parasites/μL)

NA

825 (355-2325)j

53 (38-585)k

370 (51-1113)l

0.005‡

  1. When not otherwise indicated, data shown represent median and (interquartile range).
  2. Hb = hemoglobin; WBC = white blood cell; DAT = direct agglutination test; P.f. = Plasmodium falciparum; NA = not applicable.
  3. Groups 1 to 3 are: 1 = visceral leishmaniasis patients, 2 = malaria patients, 3 = visceral leishmaniasis-malaria co-infected patients.
  4. The Kruskall-Wallis test was used to calculate the P values, except for the variable sex for which the Chi-Square test was used, and for the variables DAT titer and P.f. parasitaemia, for which the Mann-Whitney test was used.
  5. †P value refers to differences between groups 1 and 3 only.
  6. ‡P value refers to differences between groups 2 and 3 only.
  7. Sex data based on a 28 patients b 20 patients c 63 patients. Age data based on d 27 patients and e 63 patients. WBC count data based on f 18 patients, g 11 patients, h 13 patients and i 42 patients. P. falciparum parasitaemia data based on j 12 patients, k 10 patients and l 22 patients. Two co-infected patients received artemether i.m. three weeks prior to diagnosis and their data on P. falciparum parasitaemia were excluded to reduce possible bias.