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Table 2 Effects of propolis administration to diabetic mice on the plasma levels of glucose, insulin and cytokines

From: RETRACTED ARTICLE: Oral supplementation of diabetic mice with propolis restores the proliferation capacity and chemotaxis of B and T lymphocytes towards CCL21 and CXCL12 by modulating the lipid profile, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress

Parameters

Control mice

Diabetic mice

Diabetic mice supplemented with propolis

Blood glucose (mg/dl)

119 ± 14

368 ± 22*

244 ± 18#+

Insulin (ng/ml)

5.2 ± 0.45

1.8 ± 0.2*

3.4 ± 0.35#+

WBCs count (103/μl)

15.4 ± 1.2

8.5 ± 0.8*

14 ± 0.18#

Lymphocytes (%)

77 ± 6.5

49 ± 5*

72 ± 7.4#

Monocytes (%)

5 ± 0.8

5.1 ± 0.5

4.9 ± 0.75

Neutrophils (%)

21.4 ± 3.1

21.5 ± 3.4

22 ± 2.8

IL-1 β (pg/ml)

37 ± 4

144 ± 12*

78 ± 9.2#+

IL-6 (pg/ml)

23 ± 3.4

79 ± 9*

49 ± 6#+

TNF-α (pg/ml)

17 ± 2.2

64 ± 8.2*

42 ± 4.8#+

IL-2 (pg/ml)

111 ± 9.6

44 ± 7*

101 ± 9.2#

IL-7 (pg/ml)

129 ± 11

34 ± 4.8*

119 ± 10#

IL-4 (pg/ml)

44 ± 5.5

11 ± 1.5*

43 ± 4.9#

IL-8 (pg/ml)

66 ± 8.5

69 ± 7.6

70 ± 7.8

IL-10 (pg/ml)

84 ± 9.4

78.6 ± 8.2

86 ± 9.5

  1. The plasma levels of glucose, insulin and cytokines including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-α were measured in the 3 groups of mice at the end of the experiments. The pooled data for 10 mice from each group are expressed as the mean value for each parameter ± SEM
  2. *P < 0.05 for diabetic vs. control
  3. #P < 0.05 for diabetic + propolis vs. diabetic
  4. +P < 0.05 for diabetic + propolis versus control (ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-test)