Fig. 1

LPS induces osteoclast differentiation in RANKL-primed cells. a The diagrammatic sketch illustrates the treatment strategy related to RANKL and RANKL-primed LPS-treated groups. b and c Representative images of TRAP stained osteoclasts in response to the treatment strategy presented in panel A. d The diagrammatic sketch explains the treatment strategy performed to evaluate the osteoclastogenic ability of LPS. e, f, and g Representative images of TRAP stained osteoclasts in response to the treatment strategy presented in panel D. h The number of TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclasts were counted in all treatment groups (n = 3). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the number of osteoclasts in the treatment groups with the control group (RANKL). One-way ANOVA was applied, and values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). **P < 0.01. Magnification is X100 in panels B, C, and E-G